He Aha Ia Mea He Inoa? Ke Hoʻi Nei Nā Mea Noiʻi I Ko Ჹɲʻ Piko
Ke hoʻolaha hou nei kekahi papahana i nā inoa maoli o ko Ჹɲʻ mau mea he wahi a he lāhulu.
Ka nota a ka luna hoʻoponopono: Unuhi ʻia na Ākea Kahikina.here to read this article in English. ʻO kēia ka pukana ʻahā o ka pūkaʻina kūikawā i pili i nā mea noiʻi nāna e noiʻi nei i ke kai o ʲ貹Բܳǰ ma nā mokupuni mamao o Ჹɲʻ nei.
I kekahi makani ʻino i ka makahiki 1822, aia ʻelua moku ʻō koholā no Beretania — ka Pearl me ka Hermes — a ua ili akula ma luna o kekahi hāpapa i 1,200 mile mai Oʻahu mai, ma nā moku mamao o ka pae ʻāina Ჹɲʻ.
I 200 mau makahiki hou aku, mau nō ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ua hāpapa nei ʻo Pearl me Hermes Atoll, he inoa ia e hoʻomanaʻo aku i ka hoʻokele hemahema ʻana o nā kālepa ma ka Pākīpika.
Pēlā pū ke kapa ʻia ʻana o nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe ma ka pae ʻāina. Na ka poʻe Palani i hana pēlā ma ka makahiki 1786. Ua ʻike maka ʻo Compte de La Pérouse i kahi nuʻu mokupuni i uhi ʻia i ke kūkae manu, a i ke kōnane a ka mahina, ua kohu ia mokupuni me he moku lā me nā peʻa keʻokeʻo. Ua hōʻume ʻia nā selamoku e holo pili aku, a ʻo ka ili akula nō ia o ka moku ma nā kai papaʻu.
Mau nō ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ia mokupuni ʻo La Pérouse. ʻO French Frigate Shoals ka inoa o nā kai a puni kēia mokupuni. A, ʻo kekahi mokupuni e lana nei i 90 mile hou aku, kapa ʻia kēia mokupuni ʻo Necker ma ka hapanui o nā palapala ʻāina, ka inoa hoʻi a La Pérouse i kapa aku ai i ua mokupuni nei no ke kahu kālā o ka Mōʻī Louis XVI.
Ua hana ka poʻe kolonaio e like me kā lākou e hana maʻamau aku ai. Na lākou nō i hōʻea, i naʻi, i hao wale, a i haʻalele hoʻi. Ua waiho ʻia ʻelua mea e lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koena o ko lākou mau moku i nāhāhā a me nā inoa hou no nā wahi kahiko — nā wahi like a ka Ჹɲʻ i hele pinepine aku ai no nā makahiki he mau haneli ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, nā wahi hoʻi i loaʻa ʻē ai ko lākou inoa ponoʻī i hoʻomau ʻia ma nā oli i kēlā me kēia hanauna.
Akā, ke loli nei naʻe ke ʻano o kēia wā ma o kekahi papahana e hoʻolaha hou i nā inoa maoli o nā mokupuni mamao o Ჹɲʻ nei, nā mea hoʻi e pale ʻia ma loko o ʲ貹Բܳǰ mai ka makahiki 2006 aku.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kēia papahana mai ke kumu aʻe, wahi a Randy Kosaki, ka hope luna o ka wahi pale no ka National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Na kekahi mau mea noiʻi Kanaka Maoli i hoʻokomo i kēia mau inoa maoli o kēia mau mokupuni i kā lākou mau pepa noiʻi, a ʻo ka laha hou aʻela nō ia o ia mau inoa.
ʻĀnō, paʻi ʻia nā palapala ʻāina me nā inoa he Ჹɲʻ a he haole e nā keʻena pekelala, e laʻa ʻo NOAA. ʻO Manawai ka inoa o Pearl me Hermes Atoll, ʻo Lalo ko French Frigate Shoals, a ʻo Mokumanamana ko Necker.
I ko NOAA huakaʻi aku nei i nā mokupuni mamao, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā inoa Ჹɲʻ wale nō e nā mea noiʻi no Ჹɲʻ me ʻAmelika ma ko lākou kūkākūkā ʻana i nā wahi no ka luʻu me ka noiʻi hāpapa ʻana. ʻAʻole nō pēlā ka hana ma nā huakaʻi o nā makahiki i hala aku nei.
E Aʻo Mai I Ko NOAA Huakaʻi: Nā Kiaʻi O Ke Kai Lipolipo
Ua waele maila ʻo Kekuewa Kikiloi i ke alahele ma o kāna pepa ma ka makahiki 2010, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “Rebirth of an Archipelago: Sustaining a Hawaiian Cultural Identity for People and Homeland.”
“ʻO ka hoʻolaha hou ʻia ʻana o kēlā me kēia inoa mokupuni, he kākoʻo ia i ka hoʻokumu hou ʻana i ko mākou hoʻomaopopo leʻa ʻana iā mākou iho,” wahi āna i kākau iho ai. “I ke au nui me ke au iki e loli nei i kēia wā, ʻo kēia mau mokupuni kahi e kūpaʻa mau ai ma ke ʻano he ēwe e pili ai mākou me ko mākou mau kūpuna.”
I ʻumikūmāhā makahiki hou aku, aia kekahi o kona mau haumāna laeoʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kainalu Steward, ma kēia hanauna hou o nā mea noiʻi kai e hoʻolaha hou nei i nā inoa maoli. Ke hana pū nei ʻo ia me Kikiloi a me ka Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Native Hawaiian Cultural Working Group, ka hui e loaʻa ai nā lālā he 170 i pili ʻohana me ʲ貹Բܳǰ, no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā inoa maoli a me ka hoʻolaha hou ʻia ʻana aʻe o ia mau inoa.
Pono hoʻokahi a ʻelua kānaka no ka hoʻololi honua ʻana, wahi āna, e like me ka helu o nā kānaka nāna i hoʻolaha hou i nā inoa kahiko. “He wahi mea liʻiliʻi ka mea i hoʻopoina iā kākou i kekahi moʻolelo nui,” wahi āna.
ʻO ko Steward kumu ʻo Haunani Kane, ʻo ia nō ke kanaka mua loa i hoʻohana i nā inoa maoli o nā mokupuni mamao ma kekahi o kāna pepa noiʻi, me ke kapa ʻoʻoleʻa ʻana iā French Frigate Shoals ʻo Lalo.
“ʻAʻole kākou e kapa aku i kēia mokupuni ʻo Gini inā ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻōmole gini ma laila,” wahi a Kane i kona kuhi ʻana i nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi ʻelua ma Lalo e kapa mau ʻia nei pēlā.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā inoa maoli, he mea ia e hoʻopili hou aku i nā kānaka me ko lākou moʻomeheu ponoʻī, a he mau hopena hou aku ko laila, wahi āna. He kākoʻo ia no ko nā mea noiʻi hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka moʻolelo o kēia mau wahi. ʻO ka manaʻo no “lalo,” ua pili nō paha ia i ka noho haʻahaʻa ʻana o nā mokupuni e piʻi, e napoʻo, a e piʻi hou. Ma nā moʻolelo Ჹɲʻ e wehewehe ʻia ai ke ʻano e noho ai nā mokupuni ma nā kenekulia like ʻole, wahi a Kane.
“Nānā mākou i nā inoa a nā kūpuna i kapa aku ai i kēia mau mokupuni, a ua mōakāka, mau nō ka loli ʻana o nā mokupuni i ʻō, i ʻaneʻi,” wahi āna. “Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia mākou me he mea noiʻi lā, akā, ʻo ko mākou puni i ka ʻōlelo Ჹɲʻ, ʻo ia nō ka mea e nui aʻe ai ko kākou ʻike i ke ʻano a me ka hana o kēia mau mokupuni. ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā inoa wale nō. Ua pili nō i ka ʻike a me ka haʻawina.”
Lalo
ʻO Lalo, ua kapa ʻia ʻo French Frigate Shoals, a ua pili kēia huaʻōlelo i ka haʻahaʻa o ka noho ʻana.
Kamole
ʻO Kamole, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Laysan Island, 1 mile ke ākea, a he 1.5 mile ka lōʻihi, ka lua o nā mokupuni nui loa ma ka wahi pale. He loko kai ko waena, ka home o ke koloa Laysan, a ʻo ia ka hiʻona e ʻokoʻa ai kēia mokupuni.
Kapou
ʻO Kapou, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Lisianski Island no kekahi kanaka huakaʻi no Luʻukia.
Manawai
ʻO Manawai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pearl me Hermes Atoll, a i laila e noho ai he ʻōnaehana hāpapa i kohu like ai kona nui me Oʻahu.
ōԾū
ʻO ōԾū, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Kure Atoll, a ua hoʻoponopono ʻia i kēlā mau kekeke aku nei e nā ʻaʻa a me ke Keʻena o ka ʻĀina me nā Kumuwaiwai Kūlohelohe.
Hoʻolauleʻa ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana e Kosaki, he Kanaka Maoli nāna i hana ma ke ʻano he luna mea noiʻi ma kēlā huakaʻi aku nei. Ua hana ʻo ia ma NOAA no 22 mau makahiki, a i loko nō o kona manaʻolana ʻana i ko kākou kapa hou ʻana i nā mokupuni i ko lākou inoa maoli ponoʻī, ʻaʻole nō ʻo ia i mahuʻi i ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o kona makemake i kona wā e ola ana.
“Noʻu iho, ʻo kēia ka mea nui loa a mākou e hāʻawi aku ai i ka waihona ʻike ʻepekema,” wahi āna. “Ma o ke kapa ʻana i nā inoa Ჹɲʻ, ke hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nei ko kākou pilina me ka moʻomeheu a me ka ʻāina.”
ʻAʻole pau ko Kosaki makemake i ka hoʻolaha hou ʻana i nā inoa Ჹɲʻ o ka pae ʻāina. Pili hoʻi ko ia nei makemake hoʻolaha hou i nā holoholona e noho nei ma laila. ʻO Papahānaumoku ka home o nā lāhulu he 7,000, a ʻo ka hapahā o kēia nui lāhulu, ʻaʻole e noho nei ma ke koena o ka honua.
ʻO ke kapa ʻana aku i kekahi lāhulu i kekahi inoa Ჹɲʻ, ʻaʻole pili wale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo Ჹɲʻ. ʻO ka manaʻo e noʻonoʻo nui ʻia e nā hui, e laʻa ʻo Northwestern Hawaiian Island Native Hawaiian Cultural Working Group me ka Nomenclature Hui, ʻo ia ka mea e Ჹɲʻ ai nā inoa, wahi āna.
Ua hōʻike laʻana mai ʻo Kosaki, he kōkoʻolua lāhulu ʻāina, lāhulu kai ko kekahi mau lāhulu ʻē aʻe. ʻIke nā mea noiʻi i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau he nohu, ka mea i loaʻa ai nā kukū nui. I ko lākou ʻike ʻana i iʻa kopena ʻōiwi hou ma nā mokupuni mamao, ua ʻike ʻia nā pewa ʻoiʻoi a me nā hiʻona ʻē aʻe i kohu like me ia lāʻau, a ʻo kona kapa ʻia akula nō ia he nohu kekahi. Hoʻopilipili kēia hana i ka hana kuʻuna ma ke Kumulipo, he mele koʻihonua.
Eia naʻe, ʻano kākaʻikahi nā inoa ʻōiwi no nā lāhulu ma Ჹɲʻ. ʻAʻole kēia he ūlialia.
Ua pāpā ʻia nā “ʻōlelo hihiu,” ʻaʻole e kapa aku i nā lāhulu i nā inoa ʻepekema he Lākina ʻole a he Helene ʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1961. Ua noa ia pāpā ʻana, akā, ʻo ka hopena o ia mea, ʻo ia nō ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā lāhulu e loaʻa ai nā inoa Ჹɲʻ.
ʻO Aotearoa, kahi hoʻi e hoʻolaha hou aku i nā inoa ʻōiwi o kona mau lāhulu, nā ia ʻāina e hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻikepili i mau helu. Hōʻike ʻia na Stephen Heard lāua ʻo Julia Mlynarek, he inoa Māori ko 4% o nā lāhulu he 30,000 ma Aotearoa.
Kuhi mōakāka nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi, hiki i ka inoa lāhulu ke hōʻike mai i ka holoholona, kona wahi noho, a me nā lāhulu i ʻike ʻē ʻole ʻia. Kapa ʻia kekahi mau lāhulu no nā kānaka kaulana no ka hoʻolahalaha ʻana i ke kaulana. Loaʻa kekahi kupu i kapa ʻia no Lady Gaga, kekahi mū no Kate Winslet, a he limu no Tim Burton. Loaʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe no nā mea kau kānāwai, nā ʻālapa, a me nā mea kākau.
Ua kapa aku nā mea noiʻi i kekahi lāhulu i ʻike ʻia ma nā mokupuni mamao no Pelekikena Barack Obama, i mea e hoʻohanohano aku ai iā ia no kona hoʻākea ʻana iā ʲ貹Բܳǰ. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi no NOAA i ka Tosanoides obama, he iʻa noho pūkoʻa, ma kekahi huakaʻi i Iune 2016 ma ia wahi pale.
ʻO kekahi ʻatikala na Len Gillman lāua ʻo Shane Wright i paʻi ʻia e Communications Biology i ka makahiki 2020, na ia ʻatikala nō i paipai aku i nā hoa noiʻi e loiloi i ke ʻano e kapa ʻia aku ai nā lāhulu me ka hōʻihi ʻana i nā inoa ʻōiwi.
“Ma o ke kapa ʻana i nā inoa Ჹɲʻ, ke hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nei ko kākou pilina me ka moʻomeheu a me ka ʻāina.”
Randy Kosaki, ka hope luna o ʲ貹Բܳǰ no NOAA
He “waihona ʻike” nā inoa o nā lāʻau me nā holoholona, wahi a lāua i kākau iho ai, no laila, i ko ka poʻe ʻEulopa hiki ʻana mai me ke kapa inoa haole ʻana i nā lāhulu ʻōiwi, ua moku ka pilina me ia mau waihona ʻike.
ʻO ōԾū kekahi laʻana, a pili ka manaʻo o ia inoa i “ka hō ʻana mai o ka lani.” No ka Ჹɲʻ, ʻo kēia ka inoa home o nā akua ma ka palena o ka pae ʻāina.
Ua poina iki kēlā moʻolelo i ke kapa hou ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻāina i nā makahiki 1800 a hiki i ka noho paʻa ʻana o ka inoa ʻo Kure Atoll (ʻo Cure Island ma mua), he inoa no kekahi mea hoʻokele no Luʻukia.
“Ke loli nei ko kākou nohona,” wahi a Hauʻoli Lorenzo-Elarco, he kumu a he mea unuhi ʻōlelo Ჹɲʻ nāna e kākau nei i kāna palapala laeʻula i pili i ke kapa inoa ʻana i nā lāhulu ma ʲ貹Բܳǰ.
“He ʻike leʻa ko ʻoneʻi, ʻaʻole ka ʻike ʻōiwi he wahi ʻaʻahu ma ka paia e hoʻokomo wale ʻia i kā kākou papahana,” wahi āna. “ʻO ka hoʻolaha hou ʻana i nā inoa maoli, ʻo ia nō kekahi māhele o ke kāpae ʻana i ka hoʻokolonaio ʻana iā Ჹɲʻ. He mana ko ka inoa. A he maʻalahi nō ia.”
ʻO kā Civil Beat kūkala nūhou ʻana i pili i ka hoʻololi aniau, ke uku ʻia nei e The Healy Foundation, Marisla Fund of the Ჹɲʻ Community Foundation a me ka Frost Family Foundation.
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia papahana e ka ʻOhana o Harry Nathaniel, Levani Lipton, ka ʻOhana Mar, a me Lisa Kleissner.
VIDEO: Behind The Story — Guardians Of The Deep
Civil Beat deputy editor Nathan Eagle joined scientists on a three-week expedition in ʲ貹Բܳǰ Marine National Monument.
About The Series
Guardians of the Deep explores the work of marine scientists in ʲ貹Բܳǰ Marine National Monument who study the good, the bad and the ugly found in these protected waters.
Finding new species, protecting native species and researching invasive species were all part of the job on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s three-week cruise this fall. The dive trip spanned the entire 1,200-mile length of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, a remote string of islands and atolls enveloped by coral reefs and open ocean.
Stories in the series:
- Next President Will Shape The Future Of America’s Largest Marine Monument
- This Remote Hawaiian Island Had Vanished. Here’s Why Its Comeback Is Crucial
- A ‘Devil’ Seaweed Is Spreading Inside Ჹɲʻ’s Most Protected Place
Reporting, photography and videography by Nathan Eagle
Graphics and art direction by April Estrellon
Video production by Kawika Lopez
Project editing by Amy Pyle.
