How Are Global Powers Engaging With The Pacific? These 5 Maps Provide A聽Glimpse
The U.S. and other countries have rolled out initiatives to improve relationships in the region and counter China. But it鈥檚 difficult to know who is doing what, and where.
The U.S. and other countries have rolled out initiatives to improve relationships in the region and counter China. But it鈥檚 difficult to know who is doing what, and where.
After years of neglect, there鈥檚 a reason why Pacific leaders now describe the Pacific Islands鈥 geopolitical landscape as 鈥溾. Many democratic powers have recently refocused their attention on the region, including Australia, the United States, New Zealand, France, the United Kingdom and Japan.
One after another, they are rolling out big-ticket initiatives to improve their reputations and relationships in the region. While some of these projects make good developmental sense 鈥 for instance, Australia鈥檚 A$4 billion ($2.62 billion) (although about debt sustainability, given how quickly it has ramped up) 鈥 the rationale for others is .
But what all these initiatives have in common is that they are being formulated with a sense of urgency 鈥 as a reaction to Chinese offers of assistance.
There鈥檚 a risk to all this urgent energy: it鈥檚 difficult to know who is doing what, and where. To help meet this challenge, our shows how all of these outside powers are seeking to engage with and influence the region.
Our the US, Australia and their partners do a lot in the region. Given the depth of this engagement, they should now shift their priorities from reacting to every Chinese announcement toward a more considered approach. This could better anticipate and respond to their interests and those of Pacific Island countries.
There are signs they are beginning to do this: announced in 2022 by the U.S., Australia and other partners may help to improve the coordination of their assistance.
Based on our analysis, we make five recommendations about how these partners could further implement proactive 鈥渟tatecraft鈥 in the region.
1. Understand That All Influence Is Relative
In 2018, a rumour of a triggered a wave of concern in Western capitals. Four years later, news of a between China and Solomon Islands amplified these .
Scroll down the images to show military installation locations.
But despite all the discussion about a potential Chinese military presence in the region, what is often overlooked is the existing presence of Australian, American and French forces (although such militarisation is ).
Similarly, there are concerns the China-Solomon Islands agreement could pave the way for a Chinese police presence in the region. This, too, led to reactive policymaking. After China provided police training in Solomon Islands, Australia countered by donating rifles and police vehicles, and then China .
Scroll down the map to reveal policing assistance in the region.
But our StoryMap shows that China鈥檚 rather nascent policing activities are nowhere near as broad-reaching as the assistance provided by Australia and New Zealand.
2. Acknowledge The Difference Between Quantity And Quality
As our StoryMap below shows, Australia is the only partner state with diplomatic posts in all Pacific island countries, followed closely by New Zealand. The U.S., Japan, France, Taiwan, India and Indonesia also have a diplomatic presence, and others are looking to open embassies.
Scroll down the timeline to show diplomatic posts in the region.
But the number of diplomatic posts does not necessarily equate to . This is because individuals, not policies, are the of whether a country鈥檚 鈥渟tatecraft鈥 efforts succeed.
And diplomatic presence is not always reciprocated. Niue, Tuvalu, Micronesia, Cook Islands, Palau and Kiribati . Instead, they have missions in cities where international institutions are, such as New York and Geneva. This reflects how Pacific countries prioritize where they place their limited number of diplomats.
Scroll down the timeline to show diplomatic visits.
High-level visits to the Pacific by foreign leaders and officials have also increased dramatically in the past 18 months. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, French President Emmanuel Macron, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, British Foreign Minister James Cleverly and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have all made appearances.
But, again, the quantity of diplomatic engagement does not necessarily lead to quality relationships, which are 鈥溾 in the Pacific.
Social media, for instance, has greater reach and can impact countries鈥 and shape their influence outside formal meetings.
To try to understand the effectiveness of social media as a diplomatic tool, we analyzed social media followings of diplomatic missions in the region. As expected, countries with close relationships tended to have high numbers of followers.
However, social media engagement does not necessarily indicate that people agree with 鈥 or even think favourably of 鈥 a country. For example, the large following of the U.S. Embassy in Papua New Guinea could be due to involving the mission there.
Some diplomatic missions also pay for extended social media reach through boosted posts. We also found examples of automated bots commenting on posts.
3. Focus On Long-Term, Rather Than Short-Term, Engagement
The value of in the U.S. response to the Solomon Islands-China security agreement.
Senior U.S. officials immediately flew to Honiara, without having had a diplomatic presence there for 29 years. Sudden, overtly self-serving engagement is .
Soft power comes in many forms, such as media broadcasts, , church networks, sports tournaments, language training and cultural exchanges. Many of these are often overlooked by analysts, who tend to focus on more quantifiable tools of 鈥渟tatecraft鈥, such as , infrastructure projects and security assistance.
Scroll down and click on scholarship initiatives to show locations.
But this misses the long-term value of soft power initiatives. These have the potential to shape the beliefs, attitudes and opinions of communities in ways that are harder to immediately identify, but often more influential.
4. Distinguish Between Announcement And Implementation
In 2020, news broke that China had agreed to an A$204 million ($134 million) deal with Papua New Guinea to establish a project on Daru Island.
Concerned the facility would only a few kilometres from its shores, Australia quickly signed a A$30 million ($20 million) agreement with PNG for an 鈥溾 on Daru.
Since 2020, there has been no substantive progress on the Chinese project. But it鈥檚 unlikely Australia鈥檚 reaction influenced this. While the pandemic may have delayed things, the more plausible explanation is that the project was an .
Any development initiative on Daru Island 鈥 long a neglected region 鈥 is welcome. But the speed of Australia鈥檚 reaction exemplified how the significance of such an announcement can be misinterpreted.
5. Make Sure The Right Country Gets The Credit
The US, Australia and its partners frequently subcontract the delivery of their programs in the Pacific to nongovernmental organisations and private contractors. Even Australian policing and justice assistance is increasingly .
But as some Pacific islanders have told us, with so much American and Australian assistance provided by other organisations, it鈥檚 where it comes from.
And sometimes credit goes to the wrong party. Many infrastructure projects are funded by institutions such as the Asian Development Bank. Though much of the bank鈥檚 funding comes from Australia驶s ($7.5 billion) and a US commitment , the projects themselves are often built by Chinese state-owned enterprises.
So, China receives the credit 鈥 and the reputational and relationship boosts that come with it.
More proactive statecraft can help in this regard. But whether these influence attempts succeed themselves. And these countries aren鈥檛 passive: they are their .
This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .
Sign up for our FREE morning newsletter and face each day more informed.
Support Independent, Unbiased News
Civil Beat is a nonprofit, reader-supported newsroom based in 贬补飞补颈驶颈. When you give, your donation is combined with gifts from thousands of your fellow readers, and together you help power the strongest team of investigative journalists in the state.