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As the Department of Defense works to remove fuel from the Red Hill storage facility, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has secured a commitment from the military to meet regularly with community members, but the regulator is resisting calls from residents to take stronger enforcement action.

The EPA, Navy and Defense Logistics Agency signed a new on Friday. The voluntary regulatory agreement outlines the EPA’s oversight of Red Hill’s defueling and closure, implements deadlines and requires public disclosures of leaks. 

It also requires the formation of a Community Representation Initiative, a 10-person panel that will meet with military leaders eight times a year.

“They can ask for information, and we hope it will create a back and forth, and not just being talked to, but actually a dialogue,” Amy Miller, the regional director of the EPA’s compliance and enforcement division, said in an interview. 

But the deal won’t satisfy the desire of many to see the EPA crack down in response to the military’s poor environmental stewardship. Violations would result in fines of up $10,000 a week, a drop in the bucket for the U.S. Department of Defense. 

“It would be punitive just in and of itself if we issued a penalty to the Navy,” Miller said. 

Overall, Miller said the EPA tried to be responsive to community concerns contained in approximately 1,700 public comments. With that feedback, the parties implemented defueling deadlines, agreed to seek input from local subject matter experts and instituted new spill reporting requirements. 

In addition, the agreement acknowledges the importance of water, or wai, to Native Hawaiians. 

In a statement, the Navy said the finalized agreement is a positive development.

“The consent order assists the Navy in maintaining compliance for safe drinking water and tank closure, and provides an additional measure of confidence to the public,” a spokesman said.

Andre Perez, a Hawaiian activist, said it all feels like “too little too late.” 

“The question is: How much is the Navy going to listen to the community?” he said. “If they had, we wouldn’t be in this situation in the first place.” 

Lack Of Accountability Questioned

In comments, many residents expressed concern that the EPA is not holding the Navy accountable for leaks. Fuel from Red Hill spilled into the water supply in 2021 after multiple structural and leadership failures.

“There was a comment that, had a private company been responsible for the Red Hill releases, federal and state consequences would have been more severe,” the EPA wrote in a

After the November 2021 leak, the Navy waited over a week to acknowledge the drinking water was threatened.

That was a violation of the Safe Drinking Water Act, according to Miller. But she wouldn’t say what the EPA intends to do about it.

“That will need to be further evaluated,” she said.

Perez said the delayed notification was a violation of human rights.

“I know people who got permanent organ damage,” he said. “Where is the accountability there?” 

The EPA also won’t be taking action to establish an on-island lab for water samples, Miller said. This was another area of concern among those who submitted comments. 

Samples are sent to the mainland for processing, creating a lag in getting the results. Local labs don’t have to ability to test water samples to the necessary level of detail.

After the fuel contamination crisis came to light, the Navy’s test results were delayed, state health department samples were damaged in transit and state lawmakers said an on-island lab was essential. 

In a recent deposition, one of the Navy’s own drinking water experts also noted the need for a local lab. 

“I think the state should or the federal government should collaborate and get a lab that can do these — these real finite tests in more quick or efficient manner instead of taking five days to fly to the mainland and get done,” said Joseph Nehl, a supervisor at the Navy drinking water distribution system. 

The Hawaii Department of Health is working to stand up a lab funded by state taxpayers but it could take another year or two, DOH spokesman Shawn Hamamoto said in an email.

Miller said a local lab would be helpful but not necessary. 

“Sending samples to the West Coast hasn’t been a limitation in our ability to respond quickly to incidents,” she said. 

The consent order does not address PFAS, the forever chemicals that became an acute concern after a Red Hill contractor spilled some 1,300 gallons of PFAS-laden firefighting chemicals last year. 

PFAS are addressed under separate regulatory agreements, Miller said.

Military officials say most of Red Hill’s 100 million gallons of fuel will be removed by January. The remainder will be drained sometime after. The military has not committed to a timeline on the removal of that residual fuel, and the EPA isn’t holding them to one. 

“We don’t know about that because they need to come up with the engineering approach for that,” she said. 

Overall, the agreement with the EPA is aimed at ensuring the defueling and closure of Red Hill are done safely. The EPA has about 20 people working on the project, according to Miller. 

“Our job is to prevent another spill from happening,” Miller said. “This is a national priority for the EPA.”