Ke Aliʻi Hope Loa: Ka Hala ʻAna O Ke Kamāliʻi Kāne ʻo Jonah Kūhiō
ʻO Kūhiō, he kanaka kaulana ʻo ia ma kona ola, a ua hana nui ʻo ia no nā kekeke he nui no ka poʻe Ჹɲʻ, akā, ʻuʻuku nō ka nui o ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i ka nui o kāna hana.
ʻO Kūhiō, he kanaka kaulana ʻo ia ma kona ola, a ua hana nui ʻo ia no nā kekeke he nui no ka poʻe Ჹɲʻ, akā, ʻuʻuku nō ka nui o ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i ka nui o kāna hana.
Kā ka luna hoʻoponopono nota: Unuhi ʻia na Ākea Kahikina. Click here to read this article in English.
Ka nota a ka luna hoʻoponopono: ʻO nā ʻatikala ma kēia pūkaʻina, he hopena ia o ka noiʻi nui ʻana ma nā waihona palapala kahiko ma ka pae he mokuʻāina a he pekelala, ma ܲʻ, ma ka Moku o Keawe a ma Honolulu hoʻi, a ma loko o ka ma ka Martin Luther King Jr. Library a me ka Library of Congress ma Wakinekona, D.C. ʻO nā kumu waiwai koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo hōʻike ʻahaʻōlelo lāhui, nā hālāwai, a me nā waihona nūpepa kahiko.
Ma Waikīkī, ʻelua kiʻi o laila nāna e nānā ana i ke alanui ʻo Kalākaua: ʻO kekahi, ʻo ia nō ʻo Duke Kahanamoku, ka mea heihei ʻauʻau kaulana a me ka makuakāne o ka heʻenalu kūikawā, a kālai ʻia ʻo ia me kona mau lima e laulā ana. Mau nō kona lei ʻia ʻana. ʻĀkoakoa mai nā mea mākaʻikaʻi no ka paʻi kiʻi ʻana.
Eia naʻe, ʻo kekahi kiʻi ʻē aʻe i ʻelua pōlaka aku, ʻo ia nō ʻo ke Aliʻi Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, he kanaka kaulana ma ka moʻolelo Ჹɲʻ, akā, mehameha a kaumaha ʻo ia. Kakaʻikahi kona lei ʻia ʻana.
Me he mea lā, ua poina ʻokoʻa ʻia ʻo ia.
Akā, i loko nō o kona ola a me nā kekeke i hala aku ma hope pono o kona make ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Kūhiō me he meʻe Ჹɲʻ nui lā. ʻO lāua ʻo ka Mōʻī Kamehameha nā Ჹɲʻ wale nō e hoʻohanohano ʻia nei me kekahi lānui mokuʻāina a me nā paikau i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia me he kamāliʻi kāne lā o ka ʻohana aliʻi ma Ჹɲʻ nei, a ua hoʻonā ʻo ia i ka hihia o loko ona iho i pili i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ʻana, a ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e lilo i ʻelele kelikoli, i hiki iā ia ke kūpale no ko Ჹɲʻ ma Wakinekona, D.C., ʻo ia kahi i koho ʻia ai nā koho nui ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻāina ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake e haʻalele iā Ჹɲʻ, akā, ma kona nānā ʻana, ua ʻike ʻo ia, ʻaʻohe kanaka ma laila i hiki ke ʻauamo i ke kuleana no ke kūpale ʻana i kona lāhui. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi pinepine ʻana he ʻelua pule ma waena o Ჹɲʻ nei a me ke Kapakai Hikina, i hoʻokahi a ʻelua manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
“ʻO ia nō kona kuleana aliʻi,” wahi a Kū Kahakalau, he Ჹɲʻ, he kumu aʻo, a he mea noiʻi i ko Kūhiō ola. “ʻO ia nō kona kuleana, kona pono, a me kona amo.”
Ma Wakinekona, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i nā kānāwai i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke koho pāloka ʻana ma Ჹɲʻ nei no ke aupuni kamaʻāina, a ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo kānāwai, i hiki i nā wāhine ma Ჹɲʻ ke koho pāloka e like me nā wāhine ma ʻAmelika ma ka makahiki 1920. Ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka pā ʻoihana mahikō ma Ჹɲʻ nei, a ua kūʻē ʻo ia i nā luna mahikō. Ua ʻumeʻume ʻo ia i ke kālā no ka hōʻoi ʻana i nā awa a me nā alanui o ka mokuʻāina, i hiki ke holo pono nā kaʻa a me nā moku. A, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke Komikina Home Hoʻopulapula, a ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻia akula nō ia o ke Keʻena ʻĀina Home Hoʻopulapula, a ʻo ia ka i kōkua aku i nā kamaʻāina he mau hanauna ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka home paʻa ma kēia pae ʻāina nei.
Ma hope o kona koho pāloka ʻia ʻana ma ka makahiki 1902, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Kūhiō e hoʻi home i ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1921. Ua noho keʻena ʻo ia ma Wakinekona me he ʻelele kelikoli lā no 20 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o kona noho ʻana ma mua o kona mau hoa hana. ʻO ia hoʻi, wahi a ka hoʻolaha nūpepa ma kēlā wā, 16 wale nō ka nui o nā lālā o ka Hale Lunamakaʻāinana i noho keʻena ma Wakinekona me ka nui i ʻoi loa aku ma mua o kona noho keʻena ʻana.
Ua hoka loa ʻo ia ma kinohi o kēlā makahiki. Ua lana kona manaʻo i kona koho ʻia ʻana no ke kūlana kiaʻāina o Ჹɲʻ nei e ka pelekikena Lepupalika hou ʻo Warrden Harding, ʻo ia hoʻi ka i noho keʻena ma Malaki o ka makahiki 1921, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wā i piha ai ka makahiki 50 iā Kūhiō.
Ma ke ʻano he Lepupalika kūpaʻa loa, he kumu maikaʻi ko Kūhiō no ka manaʻolana ʻana. Ma Iune naʻe, ua koho ʻo Harding iā Wallace R. Farrington, he luna hoʻoponopono haole ma Honolulu.
He hahau ʻeha loa kēlā iā Kūhio a me kona mau hoa, akā, ua hoʻokoʻo iā ia iho me ka holomua ʻana aku.
“E kākoʻo kākou iā ia; e pāʻani kākou i ka pāʻani me ke akamai,” i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Kūhiō i kona mau hoa kākoʻo, wahi a William Henry Beers, he loio Ჹɲʻ e noho nei ma Hilo.
ʻO Farrington, ua mākaukau ʻo ia e hoʻokumu i ke komikina, a ua nui nō paha kona mahalo i ko Kūhio ʻano maikaʻi, no laila, ua noi akula ʻo ia iā Kūhiō e hana ma ke ʻano he komikina mua loa i koho ʻia. Ua ʻae akula ʻo Kūhiō me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, e hoʻokō ana ʻo ia i kēia hana ma luna aʻe o kona kuleana ma Wakinekona.
Ke Aliʻi Mehameha
Ma ka hopena o ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1921, ua hoʻi pono ʻo Kūhiō i Ჹɲʻ nei a me kona home ma Pualeilani. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e noho ana ma ka hale nui ma ka ʻāina, akā, e noho ana ʻo ia ma kekahi hale kai i noho ma kahi e kapa ʻia nei ʻo Kūhiō Beach Park, a puni ia hale i nā pukana o kona mau huakaʻi ʻana a me kona mau mea kahiko Ჹɲʻ i aloha nui ʻia.
Aia kēlā mau hoʻomanaʻo aloha i ʻō a i ʻaneʻi. ʻO kēia kāne ke kanaka hope loa o ka ʻohana aliʻi Ჹɲʻ. Ua hala kona kaikuaʻana ʻo David Kawānanakoa i ka makahiki 1908. Ua hala ka Mōʻīwahine Liliʻuokalani ma ka makahiki 1917. ʻAno mamao ko lāua pilina ʻohana, akā, ua wili ʻia ko lāua mau ola kekahi i kekahi, no ka mea, ʻo lāua nō nā kānaka hope loa. A laila, ʻo ia nō ke aliʻi hope loa: ʻaʻole lāua ʻo kāna wahine i hānau aku i ke keiki.
ʻAno ʻōmaʻimaʻi ʻo Kūhiō. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻano ʻōmaʻimaʻi ʻo ia no 12 mau makahiki, akā ua kāmau nō ʻo ia. Ma o ka holo ʻana o ka wā, ua ʻike leʻa ʻia, ua pilikia nō kona puʻuwai.
Ma ʻAukake, ua hoʻolaha aʻela ʻo ia i kona haʻalele ʻana i ke keʻena ma ka wā e pau ana kona noho keʻena ʻana ma Malaki o ka makahiki 1923, i hiki iā ia ke kālele i ka hoʻomaka pono ʻana i ka polokalamu no ka ʻāina hoʻopulapula Ჹɲʻ.
Ma ʻOkakopa naʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Farrington i kekahi Historical Commission, he keʻena hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻahaʻōlelo kelikoli no ke kuhi ʻana a me ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā wahi pana o ke kelikoli. Ua noi akula ʻo ia iā Kūhiō e noho me he luna lā, a ua ʻae hou akula ʻo Kūhiō.
Ua paʻahana hoʻi ʻo Kūhiō i kona hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hui āna e kākoʻo ana ma kona ola holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka makahiki 1903, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo ia i ka hui sivila kahiko ʻo ʻo ia hoʻi ka hui e hoʻomau aku nei i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mōʻī kaulana, ma o ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke ola o Kamehameha ma ka makahiki 1904. Ma ka makahiki 1914, ua hui pū ka ma kona hale, me ka pahuhopu no ka hōʻeuʻeu hou ʻana i ka poʻe Ჹɲʻ. Ma ka makahiki 1918, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia a me kona mau hoa i ka no ka paipai ʻana i ka hana kaiāulu a me ka hoʻopili ʻana kekahi i kekahi.
Ua ʻike ʻo ia i kēia mau hui me he mea koʻikoʻi lā “no ka mālama ʻana i nā pilina launa kanaka” ma o ka poʻe Ჹɲʻ ma ka wā i nāwaliwali ai ka pilina moʻomeheu, wahi a ka mea noiʻi moʻolelo ʻo Davianna Pomaikai McGregor, he polopeka noiʻi lāhui ma ke Kulanui o Ჹɲʻ.
Ua kuhi ʻo Kūhiō, e hoʻi ana ʻo ia i Wakinekona ma Kēkēmapa, akā ma ka hopena o ka makahiki, ua ʻōmaʻimaʻi ʻo ia, a ʻaʻole i hiki iā ia ke huakaʻi.
Ma mua pono o ka Lā Kalikimaka, ua hele a maʻi loa kona olakino. Ma kēlā mau makahiki i loaʻa ʻole ka pale mūhune ʻino, loaʻa iā ia ka maʻi nūmōnia, a ua ʻeha loa kona umauma ma ka pō. Ua hele a pilikia kona mau niho, a ua pono ka hoʻohemo ʻia ʻana o nā niho he ʻeono. Ua paʻakikī loa kona hiamoe ʻana ma ka pela, no laila, ua hiamoe ʻo ia me ka noho pololei ʻana ma kekahi noho.
Mau nō naʻe kona noʻonoʻo ʻana i kāna hana, wahi a kāna mau pepa. Ma ka lā 27 o Kēkēmapa ma ka makahiki 2023, ua kākau noka iki ʻo ia i ka ʻōkuhikuhi me ka penikala no kāna kākau ʻōlelo ʻo Charles Dwight.
“Ua nui koʻu hopohopo i koʻu ʻōmaʻimaʻi ʻana a me kaʻu hana i koe ma Wakinekona,” āna i kākau iho ai. “Nui ʻino nā mea e nānā ʻia e ka ʻAhaʻōlelo lāhui i kēia kau.”
Ua haʻi akula ʻo ia iā Dwight, he pono ko Ჹɲʻ hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana ma nā pili e hiki mai ana no ka uku ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana a me ke kūkulu alanui “a e kūlia like no nā mea ʻelua,” me ke kuhi ʻana i ʻelua hoa — a me — ʻo ia hoʻi nā kānaka i hiki ke kaukaʻi ʻia no ka hāpai ʻana i ka pila i pono ai ʻo Ჹɲʻ.
“ʻO kēia nō ke kau a kākou e hoʻoholo pono aku ai i kā kākou mau pila, a inā kuʻupau ʻoe a hele pololei iā lākou, ua paʻa koʻu manaʻo, e maikaʻi ana kā kākou hana a loaʻa nā pono a pau iā Ჹɲʻ,” wahi a Kūhiō.
He mea nui ka polokalamu ʻāina hoʻopulapula Ჹɲʻ ma kona noʻonoʻo, a ua makemake nō ʻo ia i ka lanakila o nā home hoʻopulapula ma Molokaʻi.
“Ua ʻike kākou i nā ʻeka he ʻumi a ʻumikūmālima kaukani o ka ʻāina nani loa o ke kelikoli ma Molokaʻi, akā, he pono ka wai, a he $3 miliona kālā ke kumukūʻai no ke kūkulu ʻana pēlā,” wahi āna iā Dwight. ʻO ke aupuni pekelala wale nō ka mea i hiki ke kōkua mai iā kākou…E hana ʻoe i hoʻolālā me ka wikiwiki i hiki.”
Aloha ʻOe
Ma ka Lā Makahiki Hou, ua haʻi akula nā kauka o Kūhio, he pono kona hele ʻana i Kaleponi no ka mālama kikoʻī ʻana, a ua hoʻolaha aʻela ʻo ia i kona hoʻolālā ʻana no ka huakaʻi ʻana i laila. Akā, ua hele a ʻino loa kona nohona. Ma ka lā 7 o Ianuali ma ka makahiki 1922, ua lilo ʻo ia i ka hāiliili. Wahi a ka ʻelepaio, ua make ʻo ia me ka noho ʻana o kāna wahine ʻo Elizabeth Kahanu ma haʻi ona me ka hopu ʻana i kona lima.
Ua puoho ke kelikoli holoʻokoʻa i ka nūhou. Ua kūmākena hoʻi nā kānaka ma Wakinekona ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻana i kāna hana a me kona lāhui, a me kona ʻoluʻolu, kona lokomaikaʻi, a me kona kūpaʻa me he hoa lā.
Ua moe akula kona kupapaʻu no ʻeiwa lā ma kona home ma Pualeilani a me ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo ʻIolani. Ma ka halihali ʻia ʻana o kona koena ma ma ke alanui ʻo Nuʻuanu, he ʻelima mile ka lōʻihi o ka laina kanaka huakaʻi, wahi a ka nūhou.
Ua hele akula nā kānaka he mau kaukani. Ua hīmeni ka lehulehu i nā mele ma ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kona kupapaʻu i loko o ka hale kupapaʻu aliʻi. ʻO “Aloha ʻOe” ke mele hope loa, ka mea i haku ʻia e ka Mōʻīwahine Liliʻuokalani.
Ua koho koke ʻo Farrington i ka wahine a Kūhiō me he pani hakahaka lā ma ke komikina ʻāina hoʻopulapula. Ua alakaʻi hoʻi ʻo ia i nā hui ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me Kapiʻolani Maternity Home.
Akā, ua waiho ʻia ʻo ia me ka nohona lako ʻole. Ua pipiʻi loa ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā hanana he launa kanaka a he politika ma Wakinekona, i ʻoi aku loa ma mua o ka lālā ʻahaʻōlelo lāhui maʻamau, a ua nui ko Kūhiō lokomaikaʻi ma ke kōkua ʻana i nā hui sivila ma Ჹɲʻ ma kā lākou noi kālā ʻana iā ia.
ʻO kona home ʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hale a me ka ʻāina i loaʻa i kona makuahine, ua hāʻawi ʻia ia home iā Kapiʻolani Maternity Home no $1 kālā. Ma ka wā i hala ai ʻo Kūhiō, ua ʻona ʻo ia i kona home ponoʻī a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe — he $146,331 ka waiwai — akā, he $2,800 kāna i hoʻopuka ai no kāna wahine, he $49,600 i kēia lā, wahi a ka nūhou.
Na nā hihia kālā i hoʻohihia i ka ʻohana ma o nā palapala hoʻoilina a ka Moʻīwahine Kapiʻolani a me ka Mōʻīwahine Liliʻuokalani. ʻO nā mōʻī e mahuʻi ana i ke kākoʻo ʻia ana e ka loaʻa kālā lehulehu, ua hoʻopau ʻia ko lākou uku ʻia ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ʻana, a he mau hakakā pupuka ko ka ʻohana i pili i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā mai ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī. Ma ka hopena, ʻuʻuku loa ka mea i loaʻa iā Kūhiō.
ʻO ke Aliʻiwahine Kalanianaʻole, ua loaʻa iā ia kekahi uku hoʻomau mai ke aupuni kelikoli mai, akā, ua kāpae ia aupuni i kēia uku ma hope o kona male hou ʻana i kekahi ʻona ʻāina ma ka Moku o Keawe i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope aku. Ua loaʻa mai iā ia kona inoa, e like me ka mēheuheu ma kēlā wā, a ʻo kona inoa hou ʻo Mrs. James Frank Woods.
Ua ili nā mea kahiko he nui ma luna ona mai ka ʻohana o Kūhiō, e laʻa me nā mea kahiko o nā aliʻi. Wahi a nā nūpepa, ua hāʻawi akula ʻo ia i ka hapanui o kēia mau mea i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Bihopa, akā, ma kona hala ʻana i ka makahiki 1932, ua nui kona ʻaiʻē.
Ua kūkālā ʻia kona mau pono. Ua kāʻili hoʻi nā mea hōʻaiʻē i nā mea ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Bihopa a kūkālā aku iā lākou. Wahi a ka nūhou, ua hakakā nā mea mākaʻikaʻi ʻālunu kekahi i kekahi no nā mea like ʻole, a ʻo ko lākou hoʻouna akula nō ia i ua mau mea nei i nā ʻāina ʻē ma o ka moku.
Ua kapa ʻia ka māhele ʻāina hoʻopulapula Ჹɲʻ mua loa no Kalanianaʻole. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hui o 24 mau ʻohana i 20 ʻeka pākahi. Ua hoʻohemahema ʻia naʻe kā lākou hana e ka nele ʻana i ka wai ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea a Kūhiō i makaʻu ai, a ua makemake hoʻi ʻo ia e hoʻoponopono i kēlā mea.
“ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ʻo ia nō kona hala ʻana,” wahi a Kahakalau. “Inā ua ola ʻo ia i ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻāpono ʻia ʻana o ka Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, inā ua ʻoi loa aku kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana…Me ka ʻole o kona mana a me kona ʻano, ua lanakila ʻole nō ia. A, ma mua, ua hiki nō ke lanakila, inā ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau a hoʻokō i kona holomua ʻana,” wahi āna.
Ua makemake nā mea kūmākena no Kūhiō i kekahi mea hoʻomanaʻo no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā ia. ʻO Henry Baldwin, ʻo ia hoʻi ko Kūhiō hoa nāna i komo i ke kūlana he ʻelele kelikoli ma hope aku, a ua haʻi akula ʻo ia i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo lāhui, e hoʻolālā ana ka poʻe ma Ჹɲʻ i ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi kahua pāʻani nui loa me he mea hoʻomanaʻo lā iā Kūhiō, he mea pāʻani maikaʻi loa, me ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ia kahua ʻo “Kūhiō Stadium.”
ʻAʻole nō i hana pēlā.
Akā, ua mālama nā hui he nui i nā hanana hoʻomanaʻo ma ka lā 26 o Malaki, ʻo ia nō ka lā hānau o Kūhiō. Ua ʻāpono ka ʻahaʻōlelo i kēia lā me he lānui lā ma ka makahiki 1949. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi alanui a me kekahi kūkulu pekelala i kona inoa, a me nā alahele a me nā wahi nui, e laʻa me nā wahi ma ka ʻāina hoʻopulapula, ʻo ia kahi a nā kūpuna e hoʻohanohano aku nei i kona hoʻoilina.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka Lā Aliʻi Kūhiō i ka lā 26 o Malaki i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
E aho kākou e hele a kamaʻāina iā ia, wahi a Kahakalau.
“Ke walaʻau kākou i nā meʻe Ჹɲʻ, ʻaʻohe kanaka e kuhi aku iā ia me he meʻe lā,” wahi āna. “Nui koʻu hōʻihi a me koʻu aloha iā Kūhiō.”
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia papahana e ka ʻOhana o Harry Nathaniel, Levani Lipton, ka ʻOhana Mar, a me Lisa Kleissner.
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About the Author
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A Kailua girl, Kirstin Downey was a reporter for Civil Beat. A long-time reporter for The Washington Post, she is the author of “The Woman Behind the New Deal,” “Isabella the Warrior Queen” and an upcoming biography of King Kaumualii of Kauai. You can reach her by email at kdowney@civilbeat.org.