Hōʻike Ka Hoʻohaumia Wai a Ka Pūʻali Kaua Moana I Nā Pilikia O Ka ʻŌnaehana Kuhi Pilikia
Ua pono i ka hōʻike wai ʻana ke wānana i kahi pōpilikia ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai i ko ka poʻe piula wai. Akā, ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia kahi ʻōlelo wānana pēlā i nā ʻohana pūʻali koa he mau kaukani.
Kā ka luna hoʻoponopono nota:Unuhi ʻia naĀkea Kahikina.Clickhereto read this article in English.
Ma ke kinohi o Novemapa, ʻo ia nā pule ma mua o ko ka pūʻali kaua moana hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻia ko Puʻuloa wai inu i ka wāwahie mokulele, ua hele a ʻōmaʻimaʻi ʻo Meredith Wilson.
ʻO Wilson, he wahina ʻo ia a kahi mea hoʻokani pila ma ka pūʻali kaua lewa, a ua pilikia ʻo ia i ka pōniuniu a me ka huikau, me he mea lā, aia kona ʻuhane ma waho o kona kino. Ua kamaʻāina ʻo ia i ka ʻea pōniuniu, akā ʻaʻole like loa kēia me kēlā. I kona kipa ʻana i kahi kauka pūʻali koa ma ka lā 2 o Novemapa, ua haʻi akula ua kauka nei i kahi mea i hele a paʻa i kona naʻau.
“ʻO ʻoe ka lima o ka wahine aʻu i ʻike ai i kēia mua pule ʻelua me nā ʻōuli ʻea pōniuniu,” kāna i ʻī aku ai. “Ua pili paha ia i ka ʻāina.”
Ma nā mahina ma mua o ko nā kamaʻāina hōʻike ʻana i ka hauna kakalina o ko lākou wai, ua hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike a ka pūʻali kaua moana, ua hoʻohaumia ʻia nō ka wai i ka ʻaila kā, a ua kākau pālua ʻia ke ana ʻana i ke keu o ka nui haumia ma ka wai inu, wahi a ka palapala. Akā, ua hoʻomau naʻe ka pūʻali koa moana i ka hāʻawi wai ʻana i kona mau mea kūʻai mai he 93,000, a ʻo ka Ჹɲʻ Health Department, ʻo ia kahi i hoʻokuleana ʻia me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka wai inu palekana, ʻaʻole lākou i haʻi aku i nā kamaʻāina e inu ʻole i ka wai a hiki i ka hala ʻana o ka Puʻulena.
ʻAʻole i hoʻopili kikoʻī ʻia ko Wilson mau ʻōuli i ka hoʻohaumia wai. Akā, hōʻike kona mau palapala olakino, piliwi kona mau kauka ma ka haukapila ʻo Tripler Army Medical Center i ka pili ʻana o ka wai haumia i kona kūlana olakino. A ʻōlelo aku ka Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻino ʻana i nā total petroleum hydrocarbons, a i ʻole ʻo TPH, hiki nō ia ke hoʻopōniuniu i ke kanaka a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole pēlā no Wilson wale nō. Ma o nā hale he 700 i hōʻike i nā hopena hoʻohaumia wai iā Armed Forces Housing Advocates, he hui paipai waiwai hoʻopuka ʻole lākou, loaʻa hoʻokahi kanaka ma o nā kānaka he pā ʻumi i hele a ʻōmaʻimaʻi no kahi mau pule a kahi mau mahina, wahi a Kate Needham ma ka Pōʻakahi, ʻo ia ka luna hoʻokō.
“ʻO ka mea inu, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo mākou e hanu ana i ka wai ma ka piula wai, ʻaʻole loa mākou e hōʻike ana i ka pilikia,” wahi a Wilson, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻai mau nei i ka lāʻau e lapaʻau ʻia ai kona mau ʻōuli. “E aho kahi puka hoʻokū ma mua o kēlā hana.”
Kainō, aia ʻē kahi mea e hana pēlā, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole loa pēlā ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua koi ko ka mokuʻāina keʻena olakino i ka pūʻali koa moana e hana i nā hōʻike wai a puni ʻo Kapūkakī a e hoʻouna i ka mea i loaʻa iā DOH i kēlā me kēia kau hapahā. Ua manaʻo ʻia, e hāʻawi ʻia “ka ʻōlelo wānana pōʻino kūpono no nā pōpilikia a pau e hiki mai ana i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka,” wahi a ka pūʻali koa moana ma .
Akā, ma ka hōʻea ʻino ʻana mai o kahi pōpilikia, ʻaʻole i haʻi aku kēlā ʻōnaehana ʻōlelo wānana pōʻino i nā kamaʻāina e hoʻopilikia koke ʻia ana. Eia naʻe, ua koi ʻia nā kamaʻāina e ʻalo i nā hopena o ka inu a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai ʻaila kā, a ʻo ke kīpaku home ʻia akula nō ia o nā kānaka he mau kaukani.
Ua Hoʻouna Lohi ʻIa Ka ʻIke Mōakāka ʻOle
Ua ʻike ka wahaʻōlelo pūʻali kaua moana ʻo Lydia Robertson ma kahi ʻōlelo hoʻolaha, ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi wai, he kuleana nō ko ka pūʻali kaua moana e hoʻolaha i kahi ʻōlelo makaʻala “ma ka wā e pilikia ai ke kūlana o ka wai.”
Akā, ʻaʻole i kuhi ka pūʻali kaua moana i ko kēlā makahiki aku nei hopena hōʻike ma ke ʻano he pōpilikia, wahi āna, no ka mea, “ua kohu ua hopena hōʻike nei me nā ana wai i hoʻāpono ʻia e ka EPA.”
ʻAʻole i kuhi ʻo Robertson i nā ana wai kikoʻī i ʻōlelo ʻia, a ʻo ka pūʻulu o nā kemika i ʻimi ʻia ma ka wai o Kapūkakī i kēlā makahiki aku — ua kapa ʻia ʻo total petroleum hydrocarbons — ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ua mau kemika nei ma ko ka Environmental Protection Agency
No DOH, ua ālai ʻia ko lākou pane e ko ka pūʻali kaua moana hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻike i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia, a ua hāʻawi lohi pū ʻia nō hoʻi, wahi a ko ke keʻena Director of Environmental Health ʻo Kathleen Ho.
A, i loaʻa mai i nā luna olakino ka ʻike e hōʻike ana i ka haumia ʻaila kā ma ka wai o Kapūkakī, ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo DOH, ua noi lākou i ka ʻike hou i mea e koho pono ʻia ai ka hoʻolaha ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻole ʻana i ka ʻōlelo makaʻala. Akā, ua hele a ʻōmaʻimaʻi kekahi mau kānaka ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻōlelo ʻana.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana i nā kānaka e inu i ka wai i loko nō o ka ʻike hoʻohaumia wai, he “hūpō nui” nō ia, wahi a Phillip Price, he noiʻi kemika ʻo ia i hoʻomaha loa ma Wilikinia Komohana, a ua hana ʻo ia ma nā pōpilikia hoʻohaumia wai.
Ua hōʻike leʻa nā heluhelu, loaʻa nō i ka wai inu ka ʻaila kā ma nā māhele he haneli i kēlā me kēia mau māhele he biliona, a ʻaʻole kūpono kēlā,” wahi a Price.
Mai ka makahiki 2020 aku, ua ʻimi ka hōʻike wai a ka pūʻali kaua moana a loaʻa ka diesel-range total petroleum hydrocarbons ma ko ka pūʻali kaua moana ʻōnaehana, a ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i hoʻāpono ʻia e ka mokuʻāina no ka inu wai ʻana, wahi a i hoʻolaha ʻia ma Iulai.
Ma Iulai, ʻAukake, a me Kepakemapa, ua hōʻike ʻia nō ka loaʻa o ka ʻaila kā ma ka wai o Kapūkakī, a ʻo ia kahi e lawelawe aku i ka ʻāina a puni ʻo Puʻuloa.
ʻO kēla mau haʻina, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻolaha mua ʻia e ka , ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo TPH-o, ʻo ia kahi pūʻulu kemika i pili me nā ʻaila kelekele a me ka hinu, a ua ʻoi aku ka nui kemika ma mua o ko ka mokuʻāina nui palekana. Ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo DOH, ʻaʻole i maʻamau kēlā haʻina ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ma nā makahiki i hala aku nei.
Ua kākoʻo ʻia ʻo Price e Erwin Kawata, ʻo ia ka luna hoʻokō polokalamu no Honolulu Board of Water Supply, a ua hana ʻo ia no ke keʻena wai no nā makahiki he 40.
“Inā ʻike wau i kahi haʻina pēlā, e pani koke wau i ke kumu wai me ka ʻole o ka nīnau,” wahi āna. “Ma koʻu ʻike ʻana i kēlā, ua manaʻo wau iaʻu iho: No ke aha lā e pani ʻole ʻia ai ka ʻau wai ma Kapūkakī?”
Ma kēlā pule aku nei, ua hoʻolaha ka pūʻali kaua moana i ka ʻike hou mai nā lua wai e nānā ana i ka māhu lepo a me ka wai honua. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻaila kā ma ka wai honua ma waena o nā pahu wāwahi ma Kapūkakī a me ka ʻau inu wai ma Kapūkakī ma ka lā 6 o ʻOkakopa, a he mau pule kēlā ma mua o ko nā ʻohana hōʻike ʻana i ka hauna kakalina ma ko lākou wai.
Ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo DOH i kēlā pule aku nei, ʻaʻole i pau kēlā mau haʻina hōʻike, a koi ʻia ka ʻike hou ma mua o “ke kuhi ʻana i ka panina manaʻo.”
Ma o ka pōpilikia, ua kauoha ka mokuʻāina i ka pūʻali kaua moana e hoʻomaloʻo i ka pono lako wāwahi ma Kapūkakī, akā ua hoʻolaha naʻe ka pūʻali koa i kona makemake e kūʻē i kēlā koho ma ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo. Ma ka manawa like, ua makaʻala loa ka Honolulu Board of Water Supply i kahi hōʻailona iki no ka hoʻohaumia wai ma ko lākou ʻōnaehana ponoʻī. Ma kēia manawa ʻānō, ʻōlelo aku ʻo BWS, ua maʻemaʻe nō ka wai.
He mau pae ko ke keʻena olakino i kapa ʻia ʻo nā pae hana ʻāina no nā kemika ma ka wai inu. Akā, ke holo ka nui haumia ma luna o ka palena, ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia kahi ʻōlelo makaʻala no ka lehulehu, wahi a Ho.
Ma hope o kahi hoʻokuʻu wāwahi ma ka lā 6 o Mei, ua hōʻeu ka pūʻali kaua moana i ke ana wai ʻana i like ʻole me kā lākou i hana ai ma mua, akā ua hōʻea mai nā haʻina i nā manawa ʻano ʻē, a “ua kole nō ia, ua kaha ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻlaulā,’ a ʻaʻole nō ia i pau,” wahi a ka wahaʻōlelo DOH ʻo Katie Arita-Chang.
“ʻO kahi māhele o ka paʻakikī ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike kole, ka ʻike laulā, a me ka ʻike i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia mai ka pūʻali kaua moana mai, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻana i ka pololei o kahi ʻike a me kahi laina lauana, a me ka pono o ka hoʻoholo hana ʻana,” wahi āna.
Eia kahi laʻana; ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo Arita-Chang, ua loaʻa mai iā DOH ka ʻike no ʻAukake e hōʻike ana i ka nui ʻino o ka haumia ma luna o ka pae hana ʻāina (EAL) ma ka lā 19 o ʻOkakopa, akā ua hoʻopili ʻia ua ʻike nei me nā laʻana no Kepakemapa e hōʻike ana i ka nui ma lalo o ka EAL.
“A, ʻo ka ʻoi o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana, ua kaha ʻia ka ʻike no ʻAukake me he ‘laulā’ lā,” wahi āna.
Ma kahi leka iā DOH i ka lā 23 o Novemapa, ua ʻōlelo akula ka pūʻali kaua moana, ua hoʻoloʻohia ʻia ko lākou keʻena hana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā manawa e ana ʻia ai ka wai, a ʻo ka hoʻolohi ʻia akula nō ia o ka hoʻouna haʻina.
ʻOiai e piʻi a iho ana ka nui haumia, ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo Ho, ua pane mai ko kona keʻena mau wilikina ma o ka noi ʻana i ka ʻike hou. Ua ʻōlelo akua ʻo Arita-Chang, ua hoʻomaopopo ko DOH hui i nā helu no ʻAukake ma ke ʻano he “hanana kūikawā.”
“Ua hoʻohiki kēlā iā lākou ke ʻōlelo penei: Alia, ke aha nei ma ʻaneʻi?” ʻŌlelo aku ʻo Ho, “No ke aha i nui aʻe ai ka haumia a laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻimi ʻia ma hope?” He mea ko laila e neʻe ana? E aho kākou e noiʻi pono i kēia.”
Ua ʻōlelo akula ka wahaʻōlelo pūʻali kaua moana, kaʻana maʻamau ka pūʻali kaua moana i nā haʻina me DOH i loko o nā hola he 48 ke loaʻa mai ka ʻike.
Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo DOH, ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻike e hōʻike ana i nā ana keu EAL he ʻelua no ʻAukake a hiki i ka lā 19 o ʻOkakopa — a he mahina kēlā ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ʻana a ka pūʻali kaua moana, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike mai ke keʻena hana mai. Akā naʻe, ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo Robertson, ua kūkākūkā ka pūʻali kaua moana me DOH e pili ana i kēlā ʻike ma ka lā 5 o ʻOkakopa.
“No ka pane ʻana, ua hoʻonui ka pūʻali kaua moana i ka pinepine o ke ana wai ʻana e ana ʻia ai ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā no hoʻokahi pule, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi keʻena hana hou e hoʻoholo koke i nā haʻina ana wai,” wahi a Robertson. “ʻO nā nui TPH-o mai kēia noiʻi ʻelua no ʻAukake, aia nō ia ma lalo o ka pae EAL ma ka ʻau wai ma Kapūkakī.”
Ka Nui TPH-o Ma Ka Luawai Inu Ma Kapūkakī, Iulai-Kepakemapa 2021
Ma o kēlā kauwela aku nei, ʻo ka total petroleum hydrocarbons (ka ʻaila kā), ua kapa ʻia ʻo TPH-o, a ua ʻimi ʻia ma ka ʻau wai ma Kapūkakī, ʻo ia ka luawai e lawelawe aku iā Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam. ʻO ka palena palekana no ka mokuʻāina a me ka TPH-o, ʻo ia he 500 māhele ma kēlā me kēia māhele he pā biliona. ʻAʻole i ʻimi ʻia ka TPH-o e ke ana wai ʻana ma nā lā ʻē aʻe.
| Ka lā i ana ʻia ai ka wai | Ka nui TPH-o ma nā māhele i kēlā me kēia biliona | Nā Nota | Ka lā i loaʻa mai ka haʻina mai ke keʻena hana, wahi a ka pūʻali kaua moana | Ka lā i loaʻa mai ka haʻina mai ka pūʻali kaua moana, wahi a DOH |
| Iulai 8 | 370 | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | Ma waena o Kepakepama 30 a me ʻOkakopa 6 | |
| Iulai 15 | 480 | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | Ma waena o Kepakepama 30 a me ʻOkakopa 6 | |
| Iulai 29 | 230 | He nui e kuhi ʻia | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 18 |
| ʻAukake 5 | 540 | Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka Silica Gel Cleanup, aia ka nui TPH-0 ma lalo o ka palena haumia wai. | Kepakemapa 23 | ʻOkakopa 19 |
| ʻAukake 12 | 480 | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 18 | |
| ʻAukake 19 | 320 | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 18 | |
| ʻAukaka 26 | 530 | Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka Silica Gel Cleanup, aia ka nui TPH-0 ma lalo o ka palena haumia wai. | Kepakemapa 24 | ʻOkakopa 19 |
| Kepakemapa 1 | 480 | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 19 | |
| Kepakemapa 15 | 270 | He nui e kuhi ʻia, a ua ʻimi ʻia ke kemika ma ka method blank a ma ka laʻana kekahi. | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 19 |
| Kepakemapa 22 | 490 | He nui e kuhi ʻia, a ua ʻimi ʻia ke kemika ma ka method blank a ma ka laʻana kekahi. | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 19 |
| Kepakemapa 29 | 170 | He nui e kuhi ʻia, a ua ʻimi ʻia ke kemika ma ka method blank a ma ka laʻana kekahi. | ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa moana. | ʻOkakopa 19 |
*Hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka silica gel e “hoʻomaʻemaʻe” i kahi laʻana i mea e loaʻa ai nā hydrocarbons, wahi a ka Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council.Pākuhi: Christina Jedra/Civil Beat • Kumu: • E loaʻa ka ʻike • Ua haku ʻia me
Ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo Robertson ma kahi leka uila, ʻo ke kumu o ka loaʻa TPH-o kahi māhele o ko ka pūʻali koa noiʻi ʻana, a ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia i ka lehulehu.
Eia naʻe, ua kuhi ka pūʻali kaua moana i nā kūlono ʻelua i kēlā makahiki aku nei me he mea lā ʻo lāua nā kumu no ka hoʻohaumia wai. Ma ka lā 6 o Mei, ua kūlono nā kalina he 1,600 mai kahi paipū ma ke ana komo haʻahaʻa, wahi a ka pūʻali kaua moana, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai kahi o nā pahu wāwahie — he kūlana e kaʻana ʻole ʻia aku ai ka ʻike e pili ana i ua kūlana nei.
Wahi a ka lohe, ua kolo kēlā wāwahie i kahi laina kāohi ahi i wehe ʻia ma ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana o kahi kaʻa i laila ma ka lā 20 o Novemapa, a ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia akula nō ia o ka mea o loko a holo i ka luawai ma Kapūkakī.
I loko nō o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaila kā ma ko ka pūʻali kaua moana inu wai i kēlā kauwela aku nei, ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo Ho, ʻaʻole i mōakāka ka hoʻohaumia ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hāʻawi wai no ko ka poʻe mau hale.
Akā ua mōakaka koke nō naʻe ma hope pono.
Ma ka lā 28 o Novemapa, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka DOH i ka namunamu ʻana o ka poʻe e pili ana i ka ʻōmaʻimaʻi a me ka hauna kakalina ma ko lākou wai. I ka lā aʻe, ua aʻoaʻo ke keʻena olakino i ka poʻe e inu ʻole i ka wai.
“I loa nō a maopopo ka pilikia iā mākou – ma ka manawa a mākou i ʻike ai, he hauna ʻaila kā ko ka wai –ua hana koke mākou e like me ka mea i hiki, i loko o nā hola he 24,” wahi a Ho.
Ua kālele ʻo Ho, he kuleana ko ka pūʻali kaua moana no ka hāʻawi ʻana aku i ka wai maʻemaʻe i ko lākou mau mea kūʻai mai.
“Ua hiki i ka Department of Health ke hoʻōi i ka wikiwiki o kāna hana?” ʻO ia paha,” wahi āna. “Akā, e hana aku ana mākou ma kahi kaʻina hana makepono, i hoʻokahua ʻia i ka ʻepekema, i mea e kiaʻi pono ʻia ai ke olakino lehulehu a me ka ʻāina. A ma kahi mau manawa, e aho e noiʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻolale i ka hoʻomaopopo leʻa ʻana.”
ʻO ke kūlono o nā kalina he 27,000 mai kahi o nā pahu wāwahie ma Kapūkakī ma ka makahiki 2014, ʻo ia kahi kāhea hoʻāla no nā mea hoʻopololei a me nā lālā kaiāulu he nui, wahi a Kamanamaikalani Beamer, ʻo ia kahi lālā kahiko o ka State Water Resource Management Commission.
He kūpono ʻole ka nele ʻana o nā palena ʻole i ʻewalu mau makahiki ma hope, wahi āna.
“He hanaʻino nui kēia i ko kākou hilinaʻi lehulehu, a kālele kēia i ka lanakila ʻole o ko kākou pākulekele,” wahi a Beamer, he polopeka ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui o Hawaii ma ka ʻike Ჹɲʻ a me ke kānāwai.
ʻO ka hoʻolohi ʻia ʻana a me nā ālaina ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā haʻina hōʻike, ʻo ia nō nā mea e kālele i ka pono no kahi lako pono hōʻike ma ʻaneʻi, wahi a Beamer. Akā, ma waho aʻe o kēlā, ua ʻōlelo akula ʻo ia, he pono ka pani ʻokoʻa ʻana i ka lako pono.
“Ua pono iā kākou ke alakaʻi wiwo ʻole ʻana, a he pono ko kākou ʻike ʻana, ʻo ka hana nui a kākou e hana aku ai, ʻo ia ka hana pū ʻana i ka mea like,” wahi āna. “ʻAʻole hiki iā kākou ke waiho i ka wāwahie ma luna o ka papakū wai honua mai kēia mua aku.”
