������Ƶ

Kā ka luna hoʻoponopono nota: Unuhi ʻia na Ākea Kahikina.��Click here to read this article in English.��

Ma kekahi holoholo aku nei ma waho pono o ke kapakai ʻo Kona, aia ʻo Michael Nakachi lāua ʻo kāna keikikāne ʻo Kaikea e hoʻokū ana i ko lāua moku i ka lā kakahiaka ma waho o ke awa ʻo Honokōhau, a hai lāua i mau hoʻokupu ʻo ka lau kī i kai ma mua o ka ʻau ʻana aku i mua.��

ʻO ka makuakāne Nakachi, ua hai ʻo ia i ka manakō i wahī ʻia i ka lau kī i ʻō aku o ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hua, no kekahi lāʻau mai ua hua nei ma ka hale o kona makuakāne. ʻO Ling ka makuakāne aliʻi, a ua hala aku nei ʻo ia ma Mei.��

Ua puehu nā mōhai ma ka ʻilikai. A ʻaʻohe i liʻuliʻu, ua puka mai kekahi mau manō a ʻau aku ua mau manō nei a puni nā lau, ʻoiai lākou e nīele ana i nā mea paʻupopo. A hala ma kahi o hoʻokahi minuke, ua nalowale iho lākou ma lalo o ka ʻilikai.��

ʻAʻole kēia launa ʻana he ūlialia. Ua kamaʻāina loa nā Nakachi i kēia kai, a maopopo leʻa iā lāua kahi e ʻimi ʻia ai nā iʻa. He mau mamo lāua a nā kahu manō, a ma kēia mau makahiki e holo ana lākou e hoʻopili hou ai i ka hoʻoilina a ko lāua ʻohana.��

E hoʻāno hou malū ana nā Nakachi i ka hana kuʻuna o ko lāua kūpuna me kekahi kaʻina hana ʻānō, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka noiʻi nohili ma ke kai. Ua hana lāua pēlā, wahi a lāua, me ka ʻāpono ʻia ʻana e nā ʻohana kamaʻāina kaulana ma ka mokupuni.��

“Hoʻāʻo nui māua e luʻu kai, ke hiki, no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā iʻa ma o ka luʻu kini ea, ka luʻu kini ea ʻole, ka luʻu kini hoʻēa hou, nā ʻenehana like ʻole,” wahi a Michael Nakachi, i piha ka makahiki kanalimakūmālima iā ia, a he kāne i hānai ʻia ma Waimānalo. No Maui kona moʻokūʻauhau. “A no ka hapanui o nā Kānaka, e aho e hoʻopili aku i kēlā. Pehea kākou e hoʻohana ai i nā mea…e hōʻoia ʻia ai nā mea a nā kūpuna i ʻike ʻē aku ai?”

ʻAʻole naʻe i like me ke kaʻina hana haole, ʻo kā lākou kaʻina hana, he mea e kākoʻo ʻoʻoleʻa i ka hana “non-invasive.” ʻAʻohe kīlou, ka hei, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā manō e pilikia ai lākou, a i ʻole nā hana e make ai lākou.��

Ma kahi o kēia, ʻo Kaikea, ʻo ia ka mea nāna e hele kula nei e loaʻa ai ke kēkelē laeoʻo no ka ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo. E noiʻi nohili ʻo ia i nā manō a me nā iʻa kai ʻē aʻe ma kai o Hawaiʻi Komohana ma o nā paʻi kiʻi a me nā paʻi wikiō he kaukani a ʻoi, ʻo ia ka mea āna e hana aku ai. E hoʻohana ana ʻo ia i kēia mau mea no kāna palapala laeoʻo āna e hoʻopau ai paha ma ka hopena o ka makahiki. Kūkulu ʻia ia mea i ka “encounter history” e hahai pono ai kekahi mau manō kikoʻī wahi a ka hiʻona, a me ka noho ʻana a me ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi maʻamau.��

ʻO kāna waihona kiʻi, he ʻelua terabytes ka nui o ka mea ma loko, a ua hoʻohui ʻia hoʻi ka moʻolelo o kā lākou hoʻomau keiki ʻana a me ka “fishery interactions.” ʻO ia hoʻi, he mea ia e hoʻopalapala i nā manawa e kīlou ʻia a hei ʻia ai kēia mau manō me nā mākau, nā aho, a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e hihia ai ka manō. Me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenehana lolo uila, kuhi pono aʻe ʻo ia i ka nui o ka lāhui manō kamaʻāina, ma o ka nāna ʻana i nā manō kikoʻī āna e noiʻi aku nei.��

ʻO ke kilo ka mole o ka hana — “e aho e hana e like me ka makemake a me ka ʻoluʻolu o ka manō, ʻaʻole e like me ko ka mea noiʻi,” wahi a Kaikea, a ua like nō ia me ke kuleana a ke kahu manō ma ka nohona Hawaiʻi ma mua o ka hoʻolauna mua me ka poʻe haole.��

“ʻŌlelo ka poʻe, ‘ʻo ka ʻepekema i kūʻē i ka moʻomeheu,’ akā ma kekahi mau manawa he nui, ʻo ka moʻomeheu ka ʻepekema,” i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Kaikea ma kekahi holoholo ma ʻAukake. ʻO ke kahu manō, ʻo ia ka mālama manō ʻana. Ua kamaʻāina loa kekahi i kekahi. Me ka ʻole o kēia kamaʻāina, pehea e hōʻoia ai i ka manō, pehea e hea inoa ai, a pehea e ʻike leʻa i kona moʻokūʻauhau? ʻO ka haʻina, ʻo ia ka wā, ke kilo, a me ka maopopo.” 

Ua paʻakikī naʻe ka hōʻike ʻana i kona kuanaʻike i ka ʻōnaehana ʻimi naʻauao kamaʻāina. ʻO ke kaʻina hana a nā Nakachi e hōʻihi ʻia ai ka moʻomeheu, he kūʻē pololei nō ia i ke kaʻina hana a ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma ka noiʻi manō,  ʻo ia hoʻi he hana e ʻāpono ʻia ai ka hoʻopilikia ʻia a me ka make ʻana o nā manō.

Iā iā e hoʻomaka ana i i kāna kēkelē laeoʻo, ua kūlikeʻole ʻo ia i kāna luna kōmike, wahi āna. Ua hala kekahi mau makahiki ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana i kōmike polopeka kūpono e kākoʻo ʻia ai kāna palapala laeoʻo.��

A ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa hoʻi nā Nakachi me nā mea noiʻi nui mai UH mai no e ʻimi i nā pono e kiaʻi ʻia ai nā manō i nā kahakai mokuʻāina. ʻŌlelo lāua, he pono ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kēia mau palena ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia nui ma ka hoʻopili manō ʻana a ke kanaka ma ko lāua huakaʻi maʻamau ʻana, a me ka ʻike ʻana i ke emi ʻana o nā poʻiiʻa kihi kiʻekiʻe ma ke kai a lāua e kilo ai.��

Akā, wahi a ka mea noiʻi, e laʻa ʻo Kim Holland, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hui ʻo Shark Research Group at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology ma UH, e hoʻopilikia ana ua kānāwai hou nei i kā lākou hana ma o , a he mea e ālai ʻia ana ka holomua ʻana o ka noiʻi, a ʻo ka hōʻeha ʻia maila nō ia o ka manō no nā makahiki he nui.��

ʻŌlelo ka makua Nakachi, ʻaʻole maopopo i kēlā mau mea noiʻi ka loina kuʻuna o ka Hawaiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koʻikoʻi o ka noi a me ka ʻae ʻia ʻana ma mua o ke komo ʻana i kekahi wahi.��

“Ua hana lākou i nā mea maikaʻi he nui,” i kuhi aku ai ʻo Michael, akā “ʻaʻohe kūkākūkā. ʻAʻohe noi no ka hana ʻana. ʻAʻohe walohia i ka iʻa. Ua pili wale i ka noiʻi a me ka ʻikepili.”

ʻIke Kuʻuna, Noiʻi Kilo

Iā Kaikea e kālele ana i kāna noiʻi, mālama kona makuakāne i kona moʻokūʻauhau kahu manō ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi maluō kahakai kūpaʻa nui.��

He kanaka nui ʻo ia ma nā paio kamaʻāina no ka lawaiʻa hale hōʻikeʻike iʻa, a ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ka hana kānāwai i loaʻa ai ka hopena ma ka Supreme Court e kūʻē aku i ua hana nei ma Hawaiʻi Komohana.��

Ma kēia kau kupulau, ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ma ke ʻano he kanaka hoʻomau moʻomeheu. Na kēia hana e alakaʻi i mau palena e ʻoi aku ai ka ikaika no , he lāhui i luku ʻia ma kēlā mau kekeke i hala aku nei ma muli o ka lawaiʻa puni kālā.��

Ua kapa ʻia he “cruiser” e nā kānaka i kamaʻāina i kēia manō — he manō moana e holo aku i mau ana mamao loa, a e kāohi ʻia ka luhi e kona ʻēheu nui a me ka hahai māmā i ka iʻa pio e ʻau ana kokoke i ka ʻilikai.��

ʻO ka hiʻona liliuewe i ʻoi aku ai kēia lāhui manō ma ke ʻano he poʻiia kelakela ma ka wā i hala, ʻo ua hiʻona nei ka mea like e alakaʻi ana i ka lāhui i ka make loa ʻana. Hoʻomake lehulehu ʻia ka lālākea ma ke ʻano he “bycatch” ma ka lawaiʻa puni kālā, ua kīlou ʻia a hei ʻia ma nā aho lōʻihi loa a me nā ʻupena nui.

Ua hala ʻekolu haneli kaukani mau lālākea a ʻoi ma ke ʻano he bycatch ma nā ʻupena nui lehuhelu ma Hawaiʻi a me Sāmoa ʻAmelika mai ka makahiki 2013 aku, a ua manaʻo ʻia, ua emi iho ka nui o ka lāhui he 95% mai ka waena o ke kekeke 1990 aku, wahi a kekahi hoʻolaha mai ka hui kānāwai kumuloaʻa ʻole ʻo Earthjustice.

ʻO ko Nakachi hihia kānāwai i hala aku nei, i hana ʻia me Earthjustice lāua ʻo , ua hōʻeu ia mea i nā luna pekelala e ʻike a hoʻomaopopo i ka lawaiʻa ʻino ʻia ʻana o ka lālākea. I kēia manawa, ʻo Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, a i ʻole ʻo , he makahiki ko lākou e haku i papahana e kiaʻi pono i ka lāhui lālākea.��

Kūkākūkā ʻo Wespac i ka pono no ka hana hoʻēmi ʻana ma ko lākou hālāwai nui i kēlā pule aku nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenehana a me nā kaʻina hana kūpono.��

“Manaʻo mākou, ʻo lākou he hui i hoihoi i ka ʻili o ke kai. ʻAʻole lākou e luʻu hohonu e hahai i ka mūheʻe,” i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Holland o ko UH Shark Research Group no ka lālākea. “ʻAʻole i mōakāka ko mākou hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka laulā o ko lākou hoihoi a me ka hana.”

Me ka maʻamau, no ka mālama a me ke kiaʻi pono i nā lāhui manō, he pono ka hahai ʻia ʻana o lākou, wahi a Holland. A inā e hahai ʻia ana lākou, he pono ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka mīkini hahai iā lākou.��

No kēlā hana, he pono ke kaʻina hana pilikia a nā Nakachi e kūʻē aku ai, keu hoʻi ke kīlou a me ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa, hoʻohuli aku iā lākou me ka ʻōpū i luna e kūnāhihi ai lākou, a i kekahi mau manawa, ʻo ke kaha ʻana e hoʻokomo ʻia aku ai ka mīkini hahai i loko.��

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Holland, ma kahi o nā manō he mau haneli a kona hui i hoʻopaʻa ai i mīkini hahai ma kēlā mau kekeke i hala aku nei, ua hala nā manō he liʻiliʻi ma ke kaʻina hana. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia, ʻo ka hala ʻana he hana kākaʻikahi nui loa ia.��

“He hōʻihi nui ko mākou i nā iʻa…a ʻo ia nō paha ka mea e nalowale ana,” i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Holland.��

Ua hoʻopakele aku ke kaʻina hana i nā manō he mau kaukani, wahi a Holland. Iā lākou i hōʻoia ai i ka laulā loa o ka ʻau ʻana o ka manō niuhi, ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka mokuʻāina e hoʻoholo i mau kulekele e kūʻē aku i ka hoʻomake manō ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana o ke kanaka.��

“He wahi ko ke pākaukau no ka ʻike kuʻuna, ka noiʻi kilo a nā Nakachi e paepae aku ana, a me ka ʻepekema ʻānō,” i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Holland. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki naʻe ke loaʻa mai ka ʻikepili ma o ka ʻike maka wale ʻana.”

Pane ʻo Kaikea, hiki i nā akeakamai haole ke haku a hana i kaʻina hana e hoʻēmi i ka hoʻopilikia manō a e hoʻonui i ka hōʻihi moʻomeheu no ka hahai manō ʻana, a e emi iho auaneʻi ka nui o ka hala ʻana o ka manō.��

ʻO ka hopu ʻana, wahi āna, ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ka luhi, a me ka pipiʻi ma ua mau hana nei. He laʻana kēia, hiki i nā kānaka noiʻi ke ʻō a i ʻole e hana i pū ‘ō e kī ʻia ai ka mīkini hahai i loko o ka manō me ke kīlou ʻole iā lākou. E hemahema ana nō paha kekahi o ka hoʻāʻo, a e nalowale ana hoʻi kekahi o ka mīkini hahai pipiʻi, akā he hana ia i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ke olakino a me ka pono o nā manō, wahi āna.��

ʻO kona mau kilo ma kona ʻauʻau ʻana i ka moana me nā lāhui iʻa ʻē aʻe, e laʻa ka niuhi, he pilikia ana nō paha ko laila, akā ʻōlelo naʻe ʻo Kaikea, ua pale ʻia kēia pilikia i kona ʻike a me kāna i ʻalo ai.

“He palena ʻole ko ʻoneʻi ke haku ʻia kekahi mea hou,” wahi a Kaikea. “He mau manaʻo a he mau koho like ʻole ko laila, akā ma kahi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manaʻo lehulehu e maʻalahi ai a e ʻuʻuku ai ka hana, he pono ka haku ʻana i mau hana ʻokoʻa, a e kau nō i ka pono o nā manō i luna o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma kā lākou noiʻi.”

He Kaʻina Hana Hoʻopau Iʻa

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kaikea, ua launa aku ʻo ia me kekahi mau kuanaʻike like ma kona wā e noiʻi ana i ka ʻepekema kai ma ke ʻano he haumāna laepua ma Florida, kahi a lākou e manaʻo ai, inā loaʻa kekahi manō i hala ma ka ʻupena o ke kanaka noiʻi, he wahi mea ana ia i hiki ke noiʻi ʻia.��

Ma hope o kona hemo kula a me ka hoʻi ʻana i kahakai Hawaiʻi, “ʻo ka hoʻololi nui loa, ʻaʻole ia ke kumu, akā, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i ke kai a me ke ʻano o kā lākou hana.”

ʻŌlelo nā Nakachi, ua hopohopo lāua i ka māhuahua ʻana o ka launa manō ʻana e holo ana ma ka moana, kahi a nā kānaka ʻau moku e palu pinepine ai i nā iʻa i ka ʻilikai a e hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau i hiki i nā malihini ke paʻi kiʻi no kā lākou social media.��

Hopohopo pū hoʻi lāua i nā launa ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia i nā iʻa, a me ka ʻuʻuku loa o ka nui o nā mākaʻi mai ko ka mokuʻāina Department of Land and Natural Resources i hiki ke nānā a mālama i ke kapakai holoʻokoʻa o Hawaiʻi Komohana.��

Ma ko lāua huakaʻi ma ʻAukake, ua holo kai nā Nakachi i wahi i kaulana i ka lehulehu no nā manō ʻo grey reef shark. I laila ʻē kekahi lawaiʻa ʻōpelu i malihini i kēlā wahi.��

Holoholo nā lawaiʻa ʻōpelu loea i mau wahi ʻē aʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou makemake e kiaʻi i ka iʻa ma ka ʻupena i nā manō e ʻau ana, wahi a lāua. Iā nā Nakachi e hiki aku ana, ua haʻalele koke ka lawaiʻa.��

Iā Kaikea e luʻu ana i kai, ʻaʻohe manō e ʻau ana ma kēlā wahi maʻamau, ʻoiai paha he ʻau kō nui ko lalo o ke kai.��

Akā nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻo Kaikea i hoʻokahi manō ʻōpiopio e kapalili a e make ana ma ka papakū. ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia i ka manō, he mea i hana aku nei iā iā, wahi āna.��

Hoʻohuoi lāua, ua pili ua hana nei i ka lawaiʻa, ʻo ia ka mea i waiho aku i ka manō i kona wā e pilikia ana, a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ola hou. Ua napenape ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo, a kūʻokoʻa ia ma ka pōhaku uliuli o ka papakū. ʻAʻole i hiki iā Kaikea ke luʻu iho ma muli o ke kō nui o ke kai no ka nānā pono ʻana aku.

Ua hoʻopilikia kēlā hōʻike i nā Nakachi no ke koina o ka lā. Ua mihi ʻo Michael i ka lawe ʻole ʻana i nā kini ea a me ka mea pono no ka luʻu kai e kākoʻo iā lāua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea i hana ʻia.��

“He kaumaha nui ke mahalo ʻia aku ʻo Kanaloa pēlā,” wahi a Nakachi e kuhi ana iā Kanaloa, ke akua kuʻuna o ke kai. “He kaʻina hana hoʻopau iʻa.”

Ka ʻImi A Loaʻa O Ka Hoʻoilina

Hoʻāʻo nā Nakachi e huakaʻi a nānā i luna a i lalo o ke kapakai i mau manawa ma kēlā me kēia pule. Hiki iā lāua ke hele pinepine pēlā, wahi a Michael Nakachi, ma muli o Moana Ohana, he hui moku pilikino āna e kōkua aku ai i ka hoʻoholo ʻana.��

Kākoʻo kālā nā lālā i ka hana moʻomeheu, a hāʻawi ke kumu ʻoihana iā māua i ka hiki ʻana ke hana a mālama kuleana, wahi āna.��

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nakachi, ʻaʻole i ʻike lākou ʻo kona ʻohana i ko lākou moʻokūʻauhau kahu manō a hiki i ka haʻi ʻana a ka hoa hānau o kona kupunawahine iā lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Pilahi Paki, he kupuna i kaulana i ke kākau ʻana iā ma kekahi hoʻohui ʻohana ma ʻAiea ma ka mahele mua o ke kekeke 1970.��

Ua ʻākoakoa mai lākou ma hope o ko kona makuakāne ʻaneʻane nalowale ʻana ma kai, ʻo Ling kona inoa. Ua hoʻopakele ʻia lāua o kekahi lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hala ʻana o kanakolu mau hola, ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli ʻia ʻana o ko lāua moku lawaiʻa e ke kai pikipikiʻō ʻo Kaiwi ma ʻō aku o Oʻahu, wahi a Nakachi. Ua hala kekahi lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ma ke kai.��

Wahi a Nakachi, ua nīnau aku ʻo Paki iā Ling inā ua ʻike ʻo ia i mau manō e pili kokoke ana iā lāua ma ke kai, a ua pane ʻo ia, iā lāua e ʻauana ana ma ka ʻilikai, ua maopopo iā ia kekahi kū ʻana o kahi mea kokoke e mālie ai ka naʻau, a ua ʻike hoʻi ʻo ia i kekahi manō nui e ʻau aku ana kokoke iā lāua.��

“Ua uē nui koke ʻo ia,” i haʻi moʻolelo aku ai ʻo Nakachi e pili ana iā Paki ma ka ʻākoakoa ʻohana ʻana. “He mihi ko ʻoneʻi i koʻu kū ʻole ʻana ma laila a me ka nele o koʻu wehewehe ʻole ʻana iā ʻoukou e pili ana iā kākou iho a me ka piko a kākou e hoʻi aku ai.” 

Ua haʻi aku ʻo ia i ko lākou pilina ʻohana nui i nā iʻa, a me ka moʻokūʻauhau o ke kahu manō mai Maui mai. Ua nalowale ka hapanui o kēlā hoʻoilina i ka hala ʻana o ko Michael kupunawahine, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hala ma ka wā a Ling e kamaliʻi ana, wahi āna.��

I kēia wā ʻānō, kūlia nā Nakachi e hoʻomaopopo leʻa i ka mea e pono ai ke kahu manō i kēia wā e holo nei. ʻO kāna kaikamahine ʻo , he haumāna laeʻula ʻo ia e noiʻi ana i ke coastal marine management.��

“Noʻu iho, e hoʻokomo wau i kēlā wahi ma kēlā me kēia manawa e aʻo hou ʻia ai kēlā ʻike,” i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Kaikea.��

“Ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e haku i ko mākou moʻolelo ponoʻī me ko kākou hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia wahi, a hiki wale nō ke loaʻa mai kēlā ma o ke kuʻupau ʻana o ka hana a me ka manawa.”

Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia papahana e ko Harry Nathaniel ʻOhana, Levani Lipton, lāua ʻo Lisa Kleissner.